Data Package Metadata View Summary

Bird surveys in French Broad River Basin, North Carolina, 2014

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

edi.42.1

Title:

Bird surveys in French Broad River Basin, North Carolina, 2014

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

This dataset includes counts of birds from surveys conducted in the French Broad River Basin in western North Carolina, USA. This basin is in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Data were collected to examine the spatial and seasonal supply of biodiversity-based cultural ecosystem services (CES), in this case, nature study through birdwatching. The data includes bird species observed at 69 sites on public and private lands during the period 2014-04-01 to 2014-08-08. Bird species were categorized with respect to migration status, level of conservation concern (both based on literature), and relative abundance in the study region (based on eBird data). Environmental data for 56 sites are provided: elevation, early season precipitation, mean summer temperature, land cover diversity, tree cover, vegetation structural diversity, vegetation annual productivity, and building density at local and landscape scales.

Graves et al. (2019, doi:10.1007/s13280-018-1068-1) used these data to analyze seasonal shifts in birdwatching supply and how those shifts impacted public access to projected birdwatching hotspots. Landscape patterns of CES supply differed substantially among five CES indicators (total bird species richness, and richness of migratory, infrequent, synanthrope, and resident species). For example, total species richness hotspots seldom overlapped with hotspots of migratory or infrequent species. Public access to CES hotspots varied seasonally. This study suggests that simple, static biodiversity metrics may overlook spatial dynamics important to CES users.

Publication Date:

2021-11-12

For more information:
Visit:	https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/2e11c4f7e38028bffb1d9b6b2c30c5e4
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

2014-04-01

End:

2014-08-08

People and Organizations
Contact:	Pearson, Scott M. [ email ]
Contact:	Graves, Rose A. [ email ]
Creator:	Pearson, Scott M.
Creator:	Graves, Rose A.
Associate:	Turner, Monica G.
Organization:	Coweeta LTER

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_counts
Description:	Bird survey data
Data Table Name:	BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_site_info
Description:	Site characteristics
Data Table Name:	BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_site_visits
Description:	Time and weather conditions during each site visit
Data Table Name:	BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_species_traits
Description:	List of species observed with migratory and conservation status
Other Name:	BirdsCES_detailed_methods
Description:	Detailed methods with literature citations

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/42/1/4084bc0b3fdcfc5639a6c4f97fc75a5a
Name:	BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_counts
Description:	Bird survey data
Number of Records:	6561
Number of Columns:	9

Table Structure

Object Name:

BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_counts.csv

Size:

296976 byte

Authentication:

bb73c50f0555a14bec97162c8b93b4ad Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

siteno

date

day_of_year

site_visit

week

species

detect

observed within 100 m

count of individuals detected on this visit

Column Name:

siteno

date

day_of_year

site_visit

week

species

detect

observation

count

Definition:

unique site number

date of survey

day of year that visit occurred

unique combination of site number and day_of_year

The week when the site visit occur, counting from 2014-04-01

four letter species identifying species

whether a species was detected

whether the species was detected within 100 m of site center

number of individuals detected

Storage Type:

integer

dateTime

float

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

dateTime

ratio

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	number
Type	integer

Format	YYYY-MM-DD
Precision

Unit	number
Type	integer

Definition

unique combination of site number and day_of_year

Unit	number
Type	integer

Definition

four letter species identifying species

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	not detected
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	detected
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	not detected within 100 m of site center
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	detected within 100 m of site center
Source

Unit	number
Type	integer

Missing Value Code:

Code	-99
Expl	information not available

Code	-999
Expl	not recorded

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/42/1/bc7c788eb7b3cf9355c453d6a1f9842b
Name:	BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_site_info
Description:	Site characteristics
Number of Records:	56
Number of Columns:	14

Table Structure

Object Name:

BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_site_info.csv

Size:

6668 byte

Authentication:

951b63f626885cdbfa3472dcb95f7dab Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

site

siteno

elev_m

temperature_summer

precip_early

veg_structure

bd100

bd1000

ptree100

SIDI

longtude

latitude

ann_prd

land ownership

Column Name:

site

siteno

elev_m

temperature_summer

precip_early

veg_structure

bd100

bd1000

ptree100

SIDI

lon

lat

ann_prd

ownership

Definition:

site name

unique site number

elevation in meters a.s.l.

mean summer temperature from DayMet

cumulative precipitation from January 1 - April 1, 2014 from DayMet

vegetation structural diversity, calculated using the Shannon Evenness index using the proportion of LIDAR returns in each of four vegetation strata (i.e., herb, shrub, subcanopy, and canopy layers) within 100 m of the site center

building density within 100 of site center

building density within 1000 of site center

proportion of area within 100 m of site center covered by tree canopy

land cover diversity: Simpson’s diversity index using six land-cover categories within 200 m of site center

longitude of site center

latitude of site center

annual vegetation productivity from MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

land ownership type

Storage Type:

string

integer

float

string

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

site name

Unit	number
Type	integer

Unit	meter
Type	real

Unit	celsius
Type	real

Unit	centimeter
Type	integer

Unit	number
Type	real

Unit	numberPerHectare
Type	real

Unit	numberPerHectare
Type	real

Unit	number
Type	real

Unit	number
Type	real

Unit	degree
Type	real

Unit	degree
Type	real

Unit	number
Type	integer

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	private
Definition	private land ownership
Source

Code Definition

Code	public
Definition	public land ownership
Source

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/42/1/7bdc65df76e2143de54cc8c8e546d42c
Name:	BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_site_visits
Description:	Time and weather conditions during each site visit
Number of Records:	708
Number of Columns:	8

Table Structure

Object Name:

BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_site_visits.csv

Size:

38097 byte

Authentication:

815651411d1de8dc6827d14aefeb8ddb Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

siteno

date_time

day_of_year

site_visit

observer

wind speed

sky cover

T_daily

Column Name:

siteno

date_time

day_of_year

site_visit

observer

wind

sky

T_daily

Definition:

unique site number

date and time of site visit in local time (Eastern Daylight Time, UTC - 4 h)

day of year that visit occurred

unique combination of site number and day_of_year

initials of person who conducted the survey

level of wind speed

shy cover

mean daily temperature for site and date in 2014 from DayMet

Storage Type:

integer

dateTime

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

dateTime

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	number
Type	integer

Format	YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
Precision

Unit	number
Type	integer

Definition

unique combination of site number and day_of_year

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	MEH
Definition	Mark E. Hopey
Source

Code Definition

Code	RAG
Definition	Rose A. Graves
Source

Code Definition

Code	RAG & SMP
Definition	Rose A. Graves and Scott M. Pearson
Source

Code Definition

Code	RAG/GL
Definition	Rose A. Graves and other
Source

Code Definition

Code	SMP
Definition	Scott M. Pearson
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	wind speed <2 km/h
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	wind speed 2 - 5 km/h
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	wind speed 6 - 12 km/h
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	wind speed 13 - 19 km/h
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	clear or few clouds
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	partly cloudy, scattered clouds
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	mostly cloudy
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	cloudy, completely overcast
Source

Code Definition

Code	4
Definition	fog
Source

Unit	celsius
Type	real

Missing Value Code:

Code	-99
Expl	information not available

Code	-999
Expl	information not available

Code	-999
Expl	information not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/42/1/3c42aba75c5e0898095df5c6ca3a5498
Name:	BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_species_traits
Description:	List of species observed with migratory and conservation status
Number of Records:	112
Number of Columns:	9

Table Structure

Object Name:

BirdCES_FrenchBroadRiverBasin_species_traits.csv

Size:

6480 byte

Authentication:

c675bda6c479ad553a8ff39b56e206db Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

species code

synclass

synanthrope

migratory status

migratory distance

rarity_ebird

species of conservation concern

common_name

scientific name

Column Name:

species

synclass

synanth

mig

migrate

rarity_ebird

sgcn

common_name

sci_name

Definition:

four letter species code

synanthrope class

migratory status

migration distance class

index of relative abundance based on eBird data from study area

conservation status based on NC Wildlife Action Plan

species common name

scientific name

Storage Type:

string

Measurement Type:

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

four letter species code

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	C
Definition	casual synanthrope
Source

Code Definition

Code	F
Definition	fully synanthrope
Source

Code Definition

Code	T
Definition	tangential synanthrope
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	not a synanthropic species
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	synanthropic species
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	m
Definition	migratory species
Source

Code Definition

Code	r
Definition	resident, non-migratory species
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	resident, non-migratory species
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	short-distance migrant
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	long-distance migrant, neotropical migrant
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	most common; top quartile of abundance (>75%)
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	common; upper middle quartile of abundance (50-75%)
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	less common; lower middle quartile of abundance (25-49%)
Source

Code Definition

Code	4
Definition	least common; bottom quartile (<25%)
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	no or little conservation concern
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	species of greatest conservation concern
Source

Definition

species common name

Definition

scientific name

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	information not available

Code	NA
Expl	information not available

Code	NA
Expl	information not available

Code	NA
Expl	information not available

Code	NA
Expl	information not available

Code	NA
Expl	information not available

Code	NA
Expl	information not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:

BirdsCES_detailed_methods

Entity Type:

pdf

Description:

Detailed methods with literature citations

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

BirdsCES_detailed_methods.pdf

Size:

270803 byte

Authentication:

631240b4c5e418fc72137f75da34f62a Calculated By MD5

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

pdf

Data:

https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/42/1/8235fe1f47ac20842567ef0ec015c9e7

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Controlled Vocabulary	birds, species diversity, buildings, land cover, landscape, forests, biodiversity
(No thesaurus)	cultural ecosystem services, ecosystem service, building density, CWT LTER, southern Appalachian mountains, French Broad River, exurban development, birdwatching

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

Bird communities were surveyed at 69 sites located on public and private property. The study area was the upper French Broad River basin in western North Carolina, USA. This basin is in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Sites were stratified by elevation and development intensity (e.g., building density). The same sites were used to collect wildflower community data for a concurrent study and detailed site selection methods are published (Graves et al. 2017).

To protect privacy of private landowners, a random value between -0.01 to +0.01 degree was added to the latitude and longitude coordinates of those sites. Thus, the actual sites were located within the 1.0 km2 marked by the coordinates provided in this dataset.

Bird surveys were conducted at least once every three weeks at each site, and a subset of sites was visited weekly, from April 1 to August 8, 2014. Surveys consisted of standard 10-min point counts conducted between 05:45 and 10:30. One of 3 trained observers performed each point count, and all sites were surveyed by at least 2 different observers throughout the study. Surveys were not conducted on rainy days or days with high wind. Each bird detected by sight or song within 100 m of the point location (i.e., site center) was identified to species and recorded. Birds observed outside the 100-m radius were recorded but not included in the primary analysis.

Bird species were classified based on (1) migratory status (mig =migrants vs. resident) and if migratory (migrate = short- or long-distance migrants), and (2) synanthrope status (synclass: C = casual,T = tangential, or F = full synanthrope;, Johnston 2001) and synanthrope class (synanth: 1 = synclass of C, T, F; 0 = otherwise) . We calculated an index of relative species rarity (rarity_ebird) using the observation frequency of each species within the study region using the eBird dataset, an online citizen science bird monitoring project (Sullivan et al. 2014). This index had values of 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest) based on quartiles of the frequencies of observations in the study region. Finally, species of greatest conservation concern were identified from the NC Wildlife Action Plan (NCWRC 2015).

Remotely sensed and GIS data were used to derive environmental variables: local and landscape building density, land-cover diversity, tree cover, vegetation structural diversity, estimated annual productivity, and elevation. Annual productivity and elevation were extracted at the center point of each study site. The remaining variables were extracted using buffers of 100, 200, and 1000 m, depending upon the scale at which each variable had the strongest relationship with bird detections.

Annual vegetation productivity was extracted from a smoothed and gap-filled MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset (Spruce et al. 2016). We calculated the 10-year (2004–2014) median of annual vegetation productivity for each study site. Elevation was extracted from the National Elevational Dataset-Digital Elevation Model (NED-DEM, USGS 2017).

Building density (building units per hectare) was quantified by counting the number of buildings located within 100 and 1000 m of the center of each study site to account for local and landscape scale effects of development intensity. Vegetation structure and tree cover were calculated from LIDAR (light detection and ranging) data within 100 m of the site center. Vegetation structural diversity was calculated using the Shannon Evenness index using the proportion (pi) of LIDAR returns in each of four vegetation strata (S = 4, i.e., herb, shrub, subcanopy, and canopy layers). Tree cover was recorded as the proportion of LIDAR returns within subcanopy or canopy layers ([2.0 m above ground) (Graves et al. 2017a). Land-cover diversity was calculated using Simpson’s diversity index with six land-cover categories (grassland/herb, shrubland, cropland, forest, developed, and other/water) within 200 m of each study site. SIDI ranges from 0 to 1.0 and describes the probability of two points chosen at random within a given area being in different land-cover types (McGarigal et al. 2012). We used the 2014 Cropland Data Layer (CDL, USDA-NASS 2014) and calculated SIDI using Fragstats (McGarigal et al. 2012).

See Graves et al. (2019) for more details of data collection and resulting analysis.

==================== Data Sources =========================

Title: DayMet

URL: https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1345

Creator: Thorton et al. 2016

Contact: ORNL DAAC uso@daac.ornl.gov

Title: MODIS NDVI Data, Smoothed and Gap-filled, for the Conterminous US: 2000-2015

URL: https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1299

Creator: Spruce, J.P., G.E. Gasser, and W.W. Hargrove (2016)

Contact: ORNL DAAC uso@daac.ornl.gov

Title: National Elevation Dataset, 1/3rd arc-second Digital Elevation Models

URL: https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/

Creator: U.S. Geological Survey 2016.

Title: NC Flood Mapping: LIDAR Phase 3 all-returns data

URL: http://fris.nc.gov/fris/Download.aspx?ST=NC

Creator: Floodplain Mapping Program; Raleigh, North Carolina. NCDEM 2006.

Title: Cropland Data Layer

URL: https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/

Creator: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. USDA NASS 2014.

Title: North Carolina Wildlife Action Plan

URL: http://www.ncwildlife.org/plan.aspx

Creator: North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. NCWRC 2015.

===========================================================

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata

Data Source

Daymet: Monthly Climate Summaries on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 3

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata

Data Source

MODIS NDVI Data, Smoothed and Gap-filled, for the Conterminous US: 2000-2015

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata

Data Source

National Elevation Dataset, 1/3rd arc-second Digital Elevation Models

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata

Data Source

NC Flood Mapping: LIDAR Phase 3 all-returns data

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata

Data Source

Cropland Data Layer

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata

Data Source

North Carolina Wildlife Action Plan

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@environmentaldatainitiative.org

Web Address:

https://environmentaldatainitiative.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

Scott M. Pearson

Address:

Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,

PO Box 2008, MS6290,

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6290 USA

Email Address:

pearsonsm@ornl.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-2859

Individual:

Rose A. Graves

Email Address:

rose.graves@tnc.org

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-0212

Contacts:

Individual:

Scott M. Pearson

Address:

Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,

PO Box 2008, MS6290,

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6290 United States

Email Address:

pearsonsm@ornl.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-2859

Individual:

Rose A. Graves

Email Address:

rose.graves@tnc.org

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-0212

Associated Parties:

Individual:

Monica G. Turner

Address:

Department of Integrative Biology,

Univ of Wisconsin,

Madison, WI 53706

Email Address:

turnermg@wisc.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-2822

Role:

Coweeta Co-PI, advisor to RAG

Organization:

Coweeta LTER

Web Address:

https://coweeta.uga.edu/

Role:

Provided funding support

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2014-04-01

End:

2014-08-08

Geographic Region:

Description:

French Broad River Basin in western North Carolina, USA

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	35.9481	Southern:	35.137
Western:	-82.85	Eastern:	-82.3348
Altitude Minimum:	537.0	Altitude Maximum:	1475.0

Taxonomic Range:

General Coverage:

birds

Classification:

Rank Name:

Kingdom

Rank Value:

Metazoa

Common Name:

metazoans

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 33208 (Metazoa)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Phylum

Rank Value:

Chordata

Common Name:

chordates

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 7711 (Chordata)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Subphylum

Rank Value:

Craniata

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 89593 (Craniata)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Superclass

Rank Value:

Sarcopterygii

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 8287 (Sarcopterygii)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Class

Rank Value:

Aves

Common Name:

birds

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 8782 (Aves)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Infraclass

Rank Value:

Neognathae

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 8825 (Neognathae)

Classification:

Rank Name:	Order
Rank Value:	Passeriformes
Common Name:	song birds
Identifer:	National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI) Info for ID: 9126 (Passeriformes)

Taxonomic Range:

Classification:

Rank Name:

Kingdom

Rank Value:

Metazoa

Common Name:

metazoans

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 33208 (Metazoa)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Phylum

Rank Value:

Chordata

Common Name:

chordates

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 7711 (Chordata)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Subphylum

Rank Value:

Craniata

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 89593 (Craniata)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Superclass

Rank Value:

Sarcopterygii

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 8287 (Sarcopterygii)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Class

Rank Value:

Aves

Common Name:

birds

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 8782 (Aves)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Infraclass

Rank Value:

Neognathae

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 8825 (Neognathae)

Classification:

Rank Name:

Order

Rank Value:

Piciformes

Common Name:

woodpeckers and others

Identifer:

National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 9219 (Piciformes)

Classification:

Rank Name:	Family
Rank Value:	Picidae
Common Name:	woodpeckers
Identifer:	National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI) Info for ID: 9220 (Picidae)

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Cultural ecosystem services in Southern Blue Ridge mountains

Personnel:

Individual:

Rose A. Graves

Address:

Department of Integrative Biology,

Univ of Wisconsin,

Madison, WI 53706 USA

Email Address:

rose.graves@tnc.org

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-0212

Role:

Ph.D. student, 2012 - 2017; this project was part of RAG's dissertation.

Individual:

Scott M. Pearson

Address:

Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,

PO Box 2008, MS6290,

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6290 United States

Email Address:

pearsonsm@ornl.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-2859

Role:

Coweeta LTER Co-PI; field data collection, data analysis, co-author

Individual:

Monica G. Turner

Address:

Department of Integrative Biology,

Univ of Wisconsin,

Madison, WI 53706

Email Address:

turnermg@wisc.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-2822

Role:

Coweeta LTER Co-PI; advisor to RAG, coauthor

Abstract:

Cultural ecosystem services (CES), many of which depend on biodiversity, are recognized as important but seldom quantified biophysically across landscapes. Furthermore, many ecosystem service models are static, and the supply of cultural ecosystem services may be misrepresented if seasonal shifts in biotic communities are ignored. We modeled landscape dynamics of nature study opportunities supplied by birdwatching and blooming wildflowers in a temperate montane landscape to determine (1) how the supply of nature-based CES changed over the growing season, (2) how projected CES hotspots varied over space and time, and (3) how spatial shifts in birdwatching and floral resources affected potential public access to CES. Methods Data were collected at ~60 sites across a rural-to-urban gradient in the Southern Appalachian Mountains (USA). Spatially explicit models of CES supply were developed from these data. Relationships between landscape gradients, biodiversity, and ecosystem service supply varied seasonally, and our models identified cultural ecosystem service hotspots otherwise obscured by simple proxies. Landscape models of biodiversity-based cultural ecosystem services should include seasonal dynamics of biotic communities to avoid under- or over-emphasizing the importance of particular locations in ecosystem service assessments.

Additional Award Information:

Funder:	National Science Foundation
Number:	DEB-0823293
Title:	Southern Appalachia on the Edge - Exurbanization & Climate Interaction in the Southeast

Additional Award Information:

Funder:	National Science Foundation
Number:	DEB-1440485
Title:	LTER: The Interacting Effects of Hydroclimate Variability and Human Landscape Modification in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	Data set is complete.
Frequency:	notPlanned

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Data Package Metadata View Summary

Bird surveys in French Broad River Basin, North Carolina, 2014

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Data Package Metadata View Summary

Bird surveys in French Broad River Basin, North Carolina, 2014

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