Data Package Metadata   View Summary

Mapping and Modeling Clandestine Drivers of Urban Expansion in Mexico City (2016-2019)

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.723.1
Title:Mapping and Modeling Clandestine Drivers of Urban Expansion in Mexico City (2016-2019)
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:
This dataset incorporates Mexico City related essential data files associated with Beth Tellman's dissertation: Mapping and Modeling Illicit and Clandestine Drivers of Land Use Change: Urban Expansion in Mexico City and Deforestation in Central America. It contains spatio-temporal datasets covering three domains; i)urban expansion from 1992-2015, ii)district and section electoral records for 6 elections from 2000-2015, iii) land titling (regularization) data for informal settlements from 1997-2012 on private and ejido land. The urban expansion data includes 30m resolution urban land cover for 1992 and 2013 (methods published in Goldblatt et al 2018), and a shapefile of digitized urban informal expansion in conservation land from 2000-2015 using the Worldview-2 satellite. The electoral records include shapefiles with the geospatial boundnaries of electoral districts and sections for each election, and .csv files of the number of votes per party for mayoral, delegate, and legislature candidates. The land titling private land titling data includes the approximate (in coordinates) location and date of titles given by the city government (DGRT) extracted from public records (Diario Oficial) from 1997-2012. The titling data on ejido land includes a shapefile of georeferenced polygons taken from photos in the CORETT office or ejido land that has been expropriated by the government, and including an accompany .csv from the National Agrarian Registry detailing the date and reason for expropriation from 1987-2007. Further details are provided in the dissertation and subsequent article publication (Tellman et al 2021). The Mexico City portion of these data were generated via a National Science Foundation sponsored project (No. 1657773, DDRI: Mapping and Modeling Clandestine Drivers of Urban Expansion in Mexico City). The project P.I. is Beth Tellman with collaborators at ASU (B.L Turner II and Hallie Eakin). Other collaborators include the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), at the Institute of Geography via Dr. Armando Peralta Higuera, who provided support for two students, Juan Alberto Guerra Moreno and Kimberly Mendez Gomez for validating the Landsat urbanization algorithm. Fidel Serrano-Candela, at the UNAM Laboratory of the National Laboratory for Sustainability Sciences (LANCIS) also provided support for urbanization algorithm development and validation, and Rodrigo Garcia Herrera, who provided support for hosting data at LANCIS. Additional collaborators include Enrique Castelán, who provided support for the informal urbanization data from SEDEMA (Ministry of the Environmental for Mexico City). Electoral, land titling, and land zoning data were digitized with support from Juana Martinez, Natalia Hernandez, Alexia Macario Sanchez, Enrique Ruiz Durazo, in collaboration with Felipe de Alba, at CESOP (Center of Social Studies and Public Opinion, at the Mexican Legislative Assembly). The data include geospatial time series data regarding changes in urban land cover, digitized electoral results, land titling, land zoning, and public housing.
Publication Date:2021-06-07
Language:english

Time Period
Begin:
2016-06-01
End:
2019-05-01

People and Organizations
Contact:Data Manager (Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University) [  email ]
Creator:Tellman, Elizabeth (University of Arizona)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
723_electoral_results_3c4b61d307cc07ef999b9d1e58f968e3.csv
Description:
Includes information of all legislative elections only in districts that have had some informal urban expansion since 2000; includes data on elections from 2000-2015 (excluding 2003) at the electoral section administrative unit provided in the shapefiles, and other calculated electoral variables from the data. In 2009, sections 3976 and 4237 split. In 2012, these sections each added a new section, 5545 and 5544, respectively.
Data Table Name:
723_electoral_results_informal_cf1f069a11cef0dce9f513f1d8fec9df.csv
Description:
includes information of all delegation election only in districts that have had some informal urban expansion since 2000; includes data on elections from 2000-2015 (excluding 2003) at the electoral section administrative unit provided in the shapefiles, and other calculated electoral variables from the data.
Data Table Name:
723_expropriate_area_0508fde72f0ad7756d08d7371d3f7b8b.csv
Description:
additional information about each CORETT expropration; from the PHINA (Padron y Historial de Nucleos Agrarios) from RAN (Registro Agrario Naciona): http://www.ran.gob.mx/ran/index.php/sistemas-de-consulta/phina
Data Table Name:
723_gaceta_oficial_metadata_e8cb01f51cee83cc3a75c3be0c48b4d9.csv
Description:
the year of each legal publication from the gaceta oficial of Mexico City (https://www.consejeria.cdmx.gob.mx/gaceta-oficial) that was downloaded (using terms 'regularizacion + [name of delegation]'; The decree number, decree date, page, delegations included (as each decree includes many regularized parcels), number of polygons, number of parcels if available, coordinates if available, and names of cross streets
Data Table Name:
723_regularizacion_502a8545cbcb20fcd02f02a5f6b84504.csv
Description:
key information about 476 unique regularization decrees from 1997-2010; these are regularization decrees on private land performed by the DGRT (Office of Tenency Regularization, Mexico City); this approves legal, private, title to the lots listed; many lots are approved in each decree number, and its total area, number of lots, and date are documented
Spatial Raster Name:
megalop1992.tif
Description:
Landsat urbanization (30m) for the 1992 Mexico City Metropolitan region
Spatial Raster Name:
2013_HigherOtsu.tif
Description:
Landsat urbanization (30m) for the 2013 Mexico City Metropolitan region
Spatial Vector Name:
723_ejido_titles_points_of_decree_74b019aa1fe02c17cea3e8961d6a450e.zip
Description:
polygons of land regularized by the National Agency, CORETT; polygons were georeferenced from 281 paper maps, consolidated into 87 unique regularization degrees of ejidos that became privitzed from 1987-2007; includes the area of each polygon, the date of regularization, the name of the ejido, the delegation, and the 'plane number' that could be used to find the original map file in the CORETT office; it only includes expropriation for the delegations Xochimilco, Magdalena Contreras, Iztapalapa, Tlahuac, Gustavo Madero, Cuajimalpa, Alvaro Obregon, Tlalpan, Coyoacan, and Milpa Alta
Spatial Vector Name:
723_election_2000_1e6fb38d6a560a33ba1e1408e532ece2.zip
Description:
Mexico City electoral district boundaries and election results: 2000
Spatial Vector Name:
723_election_2003_cd17b24b4ba8703278c675494c6ef6a8.zip
Description:
Mexico City electoral district boundaries and election results: 2003
Spatial Vector Name:
723_election_2006_0577397538c7e4005e2e4891df3b0f44.zip
Description:
Mexico City electoral district boundaries and election results: 2006
Spatial Vector Name:
723_election_2009_1ffb16a0e987847bbbed6543d754ea51.zip
Description:
Mexico City electoral district boundaries and election results: 2009
Spatial Vector Name:
723_election_2012_df76576e2e2b820ccb95cf2389002f68.zip
Description:
Mexico City electoral district boundaries and election results: 2012
Spatial Vector Name:
723_election_2015_9dc061652b24dcbe2159ed322eb9b23c.zip
Description:
Mexico City electoral district boundaries and election results: 2015
Spatial Vector Name:
723_privado_titles_points_of_decree_74877ad5a1eaaa8db124032d0cab819a.zip
Description:
shapefile of points containing the decrees of titles to formalize tenure status of private land from 1997-2012; these points were created using the center of each polygon or center between edges of cross streets as documented in the Gaceta Official (see methods); use the ID column to join regularizacion_DGRT.csv to the shapefile to generate the number of parcels and area regularized; note that the number of lots and area in this shapefile were joined across many coders and text files, and the column names differ across analysts; we reccomend only using this shapefile for the coordinate location information, and using the ID to link it ot the .csv which contains cleaned up and harmonized information across all data points
Spatial Vector Name:
723_urbanizacion_8ad808e02c418de3aa8101a627b78569.zip
Description:
spatio temporal data on informal urbanization in conservation land from the Mexico City Ministry of the Environment (SEDEMA) 2000-2015: this is a polygon shapefile with columns that contain the name and year each polygon urbanized; source of these data is: SEDEMA 2016; polygons with the year 2000 represent areas that were already urbanized before the year 2000; other years include 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015; these were handtraced from 2-m resolution data from Worldview-2; the year represents the year that an analyst first detected construction in the image; thereforece, if a structure was built sometime between 2000-2005, the year column would say 2005 (even if the construction occured in 2003)
Other Name:
723_CONDENSADO2000_87f282607ef27517cc2a0d24b09aa663.pdf
Description:
condensed federal district single-member electoral districts: 2000
Other Name:
723_CONDENSADO2003_ce915ac8ebd684288d56e5b2e24c396f.pdf
Description:
condensed federal district single-member electoral districts: 2003
Other Name:
723_CONDENSADO2006_e0e8ed6cea24741d7643b5413e7e0e51.pdf
Description:
condensed federal district single-member electoral districts: 2006
Other Name:
723_CONDENSADO2009_8bb67fd3092b5f3629e3a475ac4e7e8f.pdf
Description:
condensed federal district single-member electoral districts: 2009
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities


Data Table

Data:https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/723/1/4c785c132c49c6fc12ddf122161d96fe
Name:723_electoral_results_3c4b61d307cc07ef999b9d1e58f968e3.csv
Description:Includes information of all legislative elections only in districts that have had some informal urban expansion since 2000; includes data on elections from 2000-2015 (excluding 2003) at the electoral section administrative unit provided in the shapefiles, and other calculated electoral variables from the data. In 2009, sections 3976 and 4237 split. In 2012, these sections each added a new section, 5545 and 5544, respectively.
Number of Records:1534
Number of Columns:22

Table Structure
Object Name:723_electoral_results_3c4b61d307cc07ef999b9d1e58f968e3.csv
Size:245672 bytes
Authentication:3c4b61d307cc07ef999b9d1e58f968e3 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:SECCION  
year  
AHIurb3  
YEAR_2000  
YEAR_2005  
YEAR_2008  
YEAR_2010  
YEAR_2011  
YEAR_2012  
YEAR_2015  
PARCIP  
TOTVOT  
WINTOTPER  
MARG_GANA  
PRDper  
MARG_GANADIS  
PART_GANADIS  
WINContrib  
SWING  
CORE  
DISTRITO  
DEL  
Definition:electoral section numberelection yeararea urbanizedinformal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2000informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2005informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2008informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2010informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2011informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2012informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2015per cent of registered voters who votedtotal number of people who votedproportion of votes that went to the winning partydifference in votes from the winning and running up party; this represents electoral competion where lower values indicate lower win margins, and more competitive districtsproportion of votes for the PRD partydifference in votes from the winning and running up party for the district election; this represents electoral competion. Lower values indicate lower win margins, and more competitive districts.the party that won the districtpercent of votes in that section that contributed to the winnerbinary: 1 if this was a swing district (less than 10% of the votes went to the winning party), and 0 if notbinary: 1 if this was a core district (more than 40% of votes went to the winning party), and 0 if notdistrict numbername of the delegation
Storage Type:string  
date  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
string  
float  
string  
string  
string  
string  
Measurement Type:nominaldateTimeratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratiorationominalrationominalnominalnominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitionelectoral section number
FormatYYYY
Precision
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max1327672 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max1327672 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max507076 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max264568 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max38200 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max285076 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max27676 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max177548 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min0.1777778 
Max0.8375927 
Unitnumber
Typereal
Min
Max5590 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min0.1804598 
Max0.7721519 
Unitnumber
Typereal
Min
Max0.6835913 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min0.0347826 
Max0.7721519 
Unitnumber
Typereal
Min0.0017339 
Max0.6113235 
Definitionthe party that won the district
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min0.0001175 
Max0.0824982 
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Code0
Definitionnot a swing district (less than 10% of the votes went to the winning party)
Source
Code Definition
Code0.198689956
Definitionmetadata_not_provided
Source
Code Definition
Code1
Definitionswing district (less than 10% of the votes went to the winning party)
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Code0
Definitionnot a core district (more than 40% of votes went to the winning party)
Source
Code Definition
Code0.153384279
Definitionmetadata_not_provided
Source
Code Definition
Code1
Definitiona core district (more than 40% of votes went to the winning party)
Source
Definitiondistrict number
Definitionname of the delegation
Missing Value Code:                    
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
 
Accuracy Report:                                            
Accuracy Assessment:                                            
Coverage:                                            
Methods:                                            

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/723/1/a811ecb746957e452a39441f29973e07
Name:723_electoral_results_informal_cf1f069a11cef0dce9f513f1d8fec9df.csv
Description:includes information of all delegation election only in districts that have had some informal urban expansion since 2000; includes data on elections from 2000-2015 (excluding 2003) at the electoral section administrative unit provided in the shapefiles, and other calculated electoral variables from the data.
Number of Records:1537
Number of Columns:17

Table Structure
Object Name:723_electoral_results_informal_cf1f069a11cef0dce9f513f1d8fec9df.csv
Size:174854 bytes
Authentication:cf1f069a11cef0dce9f513f1d8fec9df Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:SECCION  
year  
AHIurb3  
YEAR_2000  
YEAR_2005  
YEAR_2008  
YEAR_2010  
YEAR_2011  
YEAR_2012  
YEAR_2015  
PARCIP  
TOTVOT  
WINPER  
MARG_GANA  
WININCPER  
PRDper  
DEL  
Definition:electoral section numberelection yeararea urbanizedinformal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2000informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2005informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2008informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2010informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2011informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2012informal urban area in m2 detected by the year 2015per cent of registered voters who votedtotal number of people who votedper cent of votes captured by the winning partydifference in votes from the winning and running up party; this represents electoral competion where lower values indicate lower win margins, and more competitive districtsper cent of votes captured by the incumbent partyproportion of votes for the PRD partyname of the delegation
Storage Type:string  
date  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
string  
Measurement Type:nominaldateTimeratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratiorationominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitionelectoral section number
FormatYYYY
Precision
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max1327672 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max1327672 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max507076 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max264568 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max38200 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max285076 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max27676 
UnitmeterSquared
Typewhole
Min
Max177548 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min0.107206 
Max0.77551 
Unitnumber
Typenatural
Min
Max5577 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min
Max0.840909 
Unitnumber
Typereal
Min
Max0.77116 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min0.0982567 
Max0.840909 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min0.047619 
Max0.8409091 
Definitionname of the delegation
Missing Value Code:                        
CodeNA
Explmissing value
 
CodeNA
Explmissing value
   
Accuracy Report:                                  
Accuracy Assessment:                                  
Coverage:                                  
Methods:                                  

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/723/1/b3745c9586e817c7683e9f87d6e3744e
Name:723_expropriate_area_0508fde72f0ad7756d08d7371d3f7b8b.csv
Description:additional information about each CORETT expropration; from the PHINA (Padron y Historial de Nucleos Agrarios) from RAN (Registro Agrario Naciona): http://www.ran.gob.mx/ran/index.php/sistemas-de-consulta/phina
Number of Records:62
Number of Columns:14

Table Structure
Object Name:723_expropriate_area_0508fde72f0ad7756d08d7371d3f7b8b.csv
Size:10126 bytes
Authentication:0508fde72f0ad7756d08d7371d3f7b8b Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Acción  
Fecha de Publicación  
Fecha Res. Pres., Decreto o Sentencia  
Superficie en Has.  
Fecha de Ejecucion  
Fecha de Inscripcion  
Superficie Ejecutada  
Promovente  
Clasificacion  
Estado  
Municipio  
Tipo de nucleo  
Nombre  
Año de Decreto  
Definition:type of land legal actionPublication datedate of the legal decreearea in hectareslegal start datelegal date of registryarea used in expropriationinstituion expropriatinglegal classstatemunicipalitytype of agrarian community (ejido or community)Namedate of decree
Storage Type:string  
date  
date  
float  
date  
date  
float  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
date  
Measurement Type:nominaldateTimedateTimeratiodateTimedateTimerationominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominaldateTime
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitiontype of land legal action
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
Unithectare
Typereal
Min0.364534 
Max645.382835 
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
Unithectare
Typereal
Min
Max645.382835 
Definitioninstituion expropriating
Definitionlegal class
Definitionstate
Definitionmunicipality
Definitiontype of agrarian community (ejido or community)
DefinitionName
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
Missing Value Code:        
CodeNA
Explmissing value
CodeNA
Explmissing value
   
CodeNA
Explmissing value
         
Accuracy Report:                            
Accuracy Assessment:                            
Coverage:                            
Methods:                            

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/723/1/97a1a1611899576100dfffe561a8ef52
Name:723_gaceta_oficial_metadata_e8cb01f51cee83cc3a75c3be0c48b4d9.csv
Description:the year of each legal publication from the gaceta oficial of Mexico City (https://www.consejeria.cdmx.gob.mx/gaceta-oficial) that was downloaded (using terms 'regularizacion + [name of delegation]'; The decree number, decree date, page, delegations included (as each decree includes many regularized parcels), number of polygons, number of parcels if available, coordinates if available, and names of cross streets
Number of Records:273
Number of Columns:11

Table Structure
Object Name:723_gaceta_oficial_metadata_e8cb01f51cee83cc3a75c3be0c48b4d9.csv
Size:43306 bytes
Authentication:e8cb01f51cee83cc3a75c3be0c48b4d9 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:ID  
Fecha Completa  
Año  
Decreto/número  
Publicación  
Páginas  
Delegaciones  
Número de poligonos  
Número de lotes/area  
¿Coordenadas?  
¿Otra informacion de ubicacion?  
Definition:unique id for this datasetdata published in the gacetayearnumber of decreemarked "segunda publicación" if it was published a second time or amendedpagines with regularization datawhich delegations are includednumber of polygons regulariozednumber of lots regularized if mentionedif geographic coordinates were providednotes of if other geographic information was included (e.g. nombre de calles for street names)
Storage Type:string  
string  
date  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
Measurement Type:nominalnominaldateTimenominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitionunique id for this dataset
Definitiondata published in the gaceta
FormatYYYY
Precision
Definitionnumber of decree
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeSegunda publicación
Definitionpublished a second time or amended
Source
Definitionpagines with regularization data
Definitionwhich delegations are included
Definitionnumber of polygons regulariozed
Definitionnumber of lots regularized if mentioned
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeNo
Definitiongeographic coordinates not provided
Source
Code Definition
CodeSi
Definitiongeographic coordinates provided
Source
Definitionnotes of if other geographic information was included (e.g. nombre de calles for street names)
Missing Value Code:        
CodeNA
Explmissing value
           
Accuracy Report:                      
Accuracy Assessment:                      
Coverage:                      
Methods:                      

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/723/1/02586c0a39729496ed29f673e5610537
Name:723_regularizacion_502a8545cbcb20fcd02f02a5f6b84504.csv
Description:key information about 476 unique regularization decrees from 1997-2010; these are regularization decrees on private land performed by the DGRT (Office of Tenency Regularization, Mexico City); this approves legal, private, title to the lots listed; many lots are approved in each decree number, and its total area, number of lots, and date are documented
Number of Records:475
Number of Columns:8

Table Structure
Object Name:723_regularizacion_502a8545cbcb20fcd02f02a5f6b84504.csv
Size:44272 bytes
Authentication:502a8545cbcb20fcd02f02a5f6b84504 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:ID  
Fecha_  
Año  
Decreto  
Delegación  
Pueblo/colonia  
Superfice  
Lotes  
Definition:numeric ID for each degreedate of regularizationyear of regularizationdecree numberdelegationneighborhood namearea in m2number of parcels regularized
Storage Type:string  
string  
date  
string  
string  
string  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:nominalnominaldateTimenominalnominalnominalratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitionnumeric ID for each degree
Definitiondate of regularization
FormatYYYY
Precision
Definitiondecree number
Definitiondelegation
Definitionneighborhood name
UnitmeterSquared
Typereal
Min34.39 
Max481296.4 
Unitnumber
Typenatural
Min
Max322 
Missing Value Code:              
CodeNA
Explmissing value
Accuracy Report:                
Accuracy Assessment:                
Coverage:                
Methods:                

Spatial Raster

Name:megalop1992.tif
Description:Landsat urbanization (30m) for the 1992 Mexico City Metropolitan region
Additional Info:

user-provided coordinate reference system

4326

raster-derived coordinate reference system

+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs

Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:megalop1992.tif
Size:240470739 byte
Authentication:502481e315f0a8965773d57e3743f39f Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:tif
Coverage Description:
Geographic Region:
Description:one of two images covering the Mexico City Metropolitan region
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  21.7401Southern:  17.7077
Western:  -100.8985Eastern:  -96.5696
Spatial Reference:
Name of Coordinate System:GCS_WGS_1984
Horizontal Accuracy:
Report:METADATA_NOT_PROVIDED
Vertical Accuracy:
Report:METADATA_NOT_PROVIDED
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Description:Mexico City electoral district boundaries and election results: 2009
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Description:Mexico City electoral district boundaries and election results: 2012
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Description:Mexico City electoral district boundaries and election results: 2015
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Description:shapefile of points containing the decrees of titles to formalize tenure status of private land from 1997-2012; these points were created using the center of each polygon or center between edges of cross streets as documented in the Gaceta Official (see methods); use the ID column to join regularizacion_DGRT.csv to the shapefile to generate the number of parcels and area regularized; note that the number of lots and area in this shapefile were joined across many coders and text files, and the column names differ across analysts; we reccomend only using this shapefile for the coordinate location information, and using the ID to link it ot the .csv which contains cleaned up and harmonized information across all data points
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Description:Mexico City, Mexico metropolitan region
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Western:  -99.3321Eastern:  -98.9513
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Number of Geometric Objects: 467
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ID  
Año  
Delegació  
Colonia  
Área  
Lotes  
Delegacion  
Pueblo_Col  
Predio  
Superficie  
No__Lotes  
Decreto  
Lotes_Poli  
Fecha_  
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lots_ALL  
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Spatial Vector

Name:723_urbanizacion_8ad808e02c418de3aa8101a627b78569.zip
Description:spatio temporal data on informal urbanization in conservation land from the Mexico City Ministry of the Environment (SEDEMA) 2000-2015: this is a polygon shapefile with columns that contain the name and year each polygon urbanized; source of these data is: SEDEMA 2016; polygons with the year 2000 represent areas that were already urbanized before the year 2000; other years include 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015; these were handtraced from 2-m resolution data from Worldview-2; the year represents the year that an analyst first detected construction in the image; thereforece, if a structure was built sometime between 2000-2005, the year column would say 2005 (even if the construction occured in 2003)
Physical Structure Description:
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Size:6250446 byte
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Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:Esri Shapefile (zipped)
Coverage Description:
Geographic Region:
Description:Mexico City, Mexico metropolitan region
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  19.583Southern:  19.1134
Western:  -99.3547Eastern:  -98.9412
Geometry: Polygon
Number of Geometric Objects: 46021
Spatial Reference:
Name of Coordinate System:WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_14N
Attribute(s) Info:
 
Column Name:DELEGACION  
POBLADO  
NOMBRE  
ID_AHI  
ID_POLY  
AREA_M  
AREA_HA  
REV_00  
OBS_00  
REV_05  
OBS_05  
REV_08  
OBS_08  
REV_10  
OBS_10  
REV_11  
OBS_11  
REV_12  
OBS_12  
REV_15  
OBS_15  
Year  
Name  
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Measurement Values Domain:
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Definitionname of the settlment
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Definitionrevisions or edits SEDEMA made after a second image or observation for the year 2005
Definitionnotes of the initial observation (usually the reason for including or excluding the polygon as an informal settlment or not based on land use regulations, the type of construction etc) for the year 2005
Definitionrevisions or edits SEDEMA made after a second image or observation for the year 2008
Definitionnotes of the initial observation (usually the reason for including or excluding the polygon as an informal settlment or not based on land use regulations, the type of construction etc) for the year 2008
Definitionrevisions or edits SEDEMA made after a second image or observation for the year 2010
Definitionnotes of the initial observation (usually the reason for including or excluding the polygon as an informal settlment or not based on land use regulations, the type of construction etc) for the year 2010
Definitionrevisions or edits SEDEMA made after a second image or observation for the year 2011
Definitionnotes of the initial observation (usually the reason for including or excluding the polygon as an informal settlment or not based on land use regulations, the type of construction etc) for the year 2011
Definitionrevisions or edits SEDEMA made after a second image or observation for the year 2012
Definitionnotes of the initial observation (usually the reason for including or excluding the polygon as an informal settlment or not based on land use regulations, the type of construction etc) for the year 2012
Definitionrevisions or edits SEDEMA made after a second image or observation for the year 2015
Definitionnotes of the initial observation (usually the reason for including or excluding the polygon as an informal settlment or not based on land use regulations, the type of construction etc) for the year 2015
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Non-Categorized Data Resource

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Entity Type:pdf
Description:condensed federal district single-member electoral districts: 2000
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Non-Categorized Data Resource

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Entity Type:pdf
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Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) has an ethical obligation to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or coauthorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER controlled vocabularyurban
Creator Defined Keyword Setinformal settlers, conservation land, urbanization, informality, regularization, corruption, Mexico City, Mexico

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:
## electoral data and competition variables Electoral data on voting records for the mayoral, legislative, and municipal elections were downloaded on the IEDF (Electoral Institution of the Distrito Federal) website for each election. These data included the number of voters registered and participating in elections in each district and year. The 5,539 electoral district boundaries for 2015 and 2012 were available for download online as a geospatial .kml file. Previous electoral districts (2009, 2006, 2003, 2000) were only available in .pdf format, and were digitized and georeferenced using ArcGIS. Twenty-five electoral districts have changed over time, shifting boroughs, fusing with other districts, or appearing for the first time as informal settlements grew and population changed. Digitizing the unique electoral district geography in each election preserved these changes and ensured urban expansion and titling data were attributed to the correct district for the correct year. Delegation heads and legislative officials have the largest agency in the private property land titling and activities that could influence urban expansion. A proxy for patronage in each electoral year was calculated as the proportion of votes in each district in borough chief and legislative elections that went to the dominant party in Mexico City, the PRD. Note that in some years, party coalitions formed in joint tickets for legislators and borough chiefs. If the PRD was a part of that coalition, we counted that coalition vote as a vote for the PRD. Electoral competition was calculated for each electoral year via the margin of win for each district as in Eq. 1. Eq. 1 margin of win*i* = (Vd1*i*−Vd2*i*)/Vtotal*i* Vd1*i* is the total number of votes cast for the party that received the majority votes for district d in time *i*. Vd2*i* is the votes cast for the party receiving the second highest number of votes. Vtotali is the total votes cast for that district in election *i*. This statistic calculated is a measure of electoral competition, such that a lower margin of win signifies a more competitive or divided district. Figure 18 shows how margin of win varies over elections across the city for borough chief elections. ## private and ejido land titling Urban land titles on both private and ejido land from 1997-2012 were digitized and georeferenced from official documents. Land title data were obtained for collective property (ejidos) from the National Agrarian Registry (RAN) (2017), which contains information on the land tenure history of each agrarian community in Mexico. This study used the area of land in hectares expropriated by CORETT for every agrarian community in Mexico City from 1971-2007 (the date of the last presidential decree). Information regarding the number of lots regularized in the informal settlement was not available. 287 original paper maps of the areas of expropriation in each of 85 decrees were obtained through visits to the CORETT Mexico City office in 2017-2018, and subsequently georeferenced and digitized. Expropriation areas were only digitized for agrarian communities or in boroughs with conservation land area. Land title data for private property were obtained by searching the archives of the Gaceta Oficial, or Official Gazette, which publishes legal decrees in Mexico City (Conjesuria Juridica y de Servicios Legales, 2017). We used the search term "regularización" or regularization, to identify 275 documents with information about titles given to informal settlers in private lands for 11 boroughs with conservation lands from 1997-2012, when the titling decree ended 20. Each of 475 unique land titling observations (identified by a date, location, and decree number) were recorded, including the date and number of parcels (individual households) receiving title, area regularized, and coordinates or cross streets of the location. 36 updates to these decrees (Fe de Erratas) were recorded and used to update additional lots that were given title. Digitizing individual lots of each title was not possible because coordinates were only published with some decrees, and in most cases the projection information needed to translate and map coordinates was not provided. Instead, we used a coordinate point to approximate the central location of titling using the cross street information and community name provided. Georeferencing was done using OpenStreetMap data. These spatial data are represented in Figure 15b with the time series of parcels "regularized" or titled in Figure 16, with 6 local electoral periods. ## urban expansion Urban expansion data in conservation lands was provided by the Mexico City Ministry of the Environment, which was produced by manual digitization via very high resolution (<2m) satellite imagery from 2005-2015. These data were produced by tracing constructions on very high-resolution satellite imagery (~2m2) when available, resulting in 46,026 polygons. The first year of data, 2000, represents all settlements existing outside of permitted urban or residential areas identified in the Ministry of the Environment Ecological Zoning Ordinance. Subsequent years (2005, 2008 ,2010 ,2011, 2012, and 2015), represent all areas constructed and identified as "urban" that occurred between the last year of available imagery and appeared in the next available image for the first time. For example, urban areas identified in 2008 could have been constructed in 2006, 2007, or in 2008 before the image was taken. Data are identified by the temporal resolution of "year" (months and dates are not provided in the SEDEMA dataset). Attempts to reconstruct a consistent annual time series of informal urban growth with Landsat data (30m) using methods from Goldblatt and associates (2018) proved unsuccessful because small informal settlements were not captured in lower resolution Landsat data. However, we provide these data as estimates of the urban footprint growth across the metropolitan area for two years, 2013, and 1992. These urban land cover data use a random forest algorithm to sample nighttime lights data (with highly list pixels) to train a random forest algorithm to predict urban land cover on Landsat annual composites. The 2013 landcover map was validated with 20,000 randomly sampled points validated as "built up" and urban if >50% of the pixel in a 10m SPOT image was covered with cement or built up features. The validation yieled a producer's accuracy of 58.6% and user's accuracy of 76.0%, with an overall accuracy of 82%. We found our urban land cover map outperform extant urban land cover data from the Mexican government from INEGI. ## references Conjesuria Juridica y de Servicios Legales, 2017. Gaceta Oficial Del Distrito Federal [WWW Document]. URL https://data.consejeria.cdmx.gob.mx/index.php/gaceta (accessed 1.10.17). Goldblatt, R., Stuhlmacher, M.F., Tellman, B., Clinton, N., Hanson, G., Georgescu, M., Wang, C., Serrano-Candela, F., Khandelwal, A.K., Cheng, W.-H., Balling, R.C., 2018. Using Landsat and nighttime lights for supervised pixel-based image classification of urban land cover. Remote Sens. Environ. 205, 253–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.11.026

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@environmentaldatainitiative.org
Web Address:
https://environmentaldatainitiative.org
Creators:
Individual: Elizabeth Tellman
Organization:University of Arizona
Email Address:
btellman@arizona.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-6435
Contacts:
Organization:Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University
Position:Data Manager
Address:
Arizona State University,
Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation,
Tempe, AZ 85287-5402 USA
Email Address:
caplter.data@asu.edu
Web Address:
https://researchdata.asu.edu/
Metadata Providers:
Individual: Elizabeth Tellman
Organization:University of Arizona
Email Address:
btellman@arizona.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-6435

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2016-06-01
End:
2019-05-01
Geographic Region:
Description:Mexico City, Mexico metropolitan region
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  19.5928Southern:  19.1241
Western:  -99.3431Eastern:  -98.9466

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:Doctoral Dissertation Research: Mapping and Modeling Clandestine Activities Affecting Urban Expansion
Personnel:
Individual: Charles Redman
Organization:Arizona State University
Email Address:
CHARLES.REDMAN@asu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-7368
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Nancy Grimm
Organization:Arizona State University
Email Address:
nbgrimm@asu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-660X
Role:Co-principal Investigator
Individual: Timon McPhearson
Organization:The New School
Email Address:
timon.mcphearson@newschool.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-0791
Role:Co-principal Investigator
Individual: Tischa Munoz-Erickson
Organization:International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service
Email Address:
tamunozerickson@fs.fed.us
Role:Co-principal Investigator
Individual: Mikhail Chester
Organization:Arizona State University
Email Address:
mchester@asu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-2102
Role:Co-principal Investigator
Abstract:This doctoral dissertation research project will analyze how, where, and to what degree clandestine activities influence urban expansion. The doctoral student will develop and test methods that can be used to identify actions associated with urban development for actions not in the common interest, such as urban expansion within environmentally sensitive areas that increases flooding, decreases water supplies, and has other adverse impacts. The project will enhance understanding of the outcomes of urban conditions that disadvantage some segments of the population, and project findings will provide new information and insights that can be used by governmental officials, non-governmental organizations, community groups, and urban residents to better understand and respond to environmental threats posed by clandestine activities. The project will facilitate meaningful interactions among academic, governmental, and community-based organizations. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career. Clandestine activities profoundly influence urbanization worldwide, often with significant adverse environmental consequences. Such forms of urbanization have proven difficult to measure and observe, however, and processes though which they have functioned have been ignored in land-system analysis. As a result, clandestine, informal urbanization remains largely invisible in urban planning and is difficult for formal government to regulate. To conduct this project, the doctoral student will employ advanced computing and satellite imagery analyses and will conduct intensive ethnographic work to make explicit the links between detectable landscape patterns and the clandestine processes creating them. She will examine the clandestine land transactions that influence urbanization at a parcel or community level and test hypotheses to determine if such activity can be detected on a landscape scale. The student will gather and assess socio-environmental data from a range of sources, including interviews with key actors, remote sensing of urban change, digitized and geo-referenced land-use records where local government has incorporated informal urbanization into legal property registries, and ancillary data regarding voting and urban service provision. She will employ three different kinds of modeling approaches to test for the significance of clandestine variables on urbanization patterns. Although this doctoral dissertation research project will focus on development in Mexico City, the research will provide new insights and approaches for dealing with informal development related to clandestine activity in many other nations, including the United States.
Funding: NSF Award: 1657773
Additional Award Information:
Funder:National Science Foundation
Funder ID:https://ror.org/021nxhr62
Number:1657773
Title:Doctoral Dissertation Research: Mapping and Modeling Clandestine Activities Affecting Urban Expansion
URL:https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1657773&HistoricalAwards=false
Other Metadata

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

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