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Maximum temperature at El Verde Field Station, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico since October 1992

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:knb-lter-luq.16.538562
Title:Maximum temperature at El Verde Field Station, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico since October 1992
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

	  Daily maximum air temperature at the El Verde Field Station since October 1992. Temperature is measured daily using a manual Min-Max thermometer placed in a wooded box in the understory.  The box is mostly shaded by surrounding trees, but it is more exposed to sunlight after hurricanes defoliate the forest canopy (e.g., hurricane Maria in 2017).  Measurements are available for workdays only, as a technician at the station collects measurements. The thermometer is reset after each reading.

Notes:
•	An automatic Hobo pendant sensor complements reading (see El Verde Field Station Air temperature from automatic sensor).
•	Daily minimum air temperature available in a separated data set.
•	Data from before 1992 is available in dataset #181 (1975 -August 1992). Data-missing gaps were filled in by extrapolated data from other sources, making the subsequent manipulations less valuable for interpreting long term trends.


Daily emperature has been measured at the El Verde Field Station since 1975 (see methods). These data was divided into two data set: #16, having data from 1992 to current and #181 which has data from1975 till August 1992. Data-missing gaps where filled in by extrapolated data from other sources, making the subsequent manipulations less valuable for interpreting long term trends.
Monthly averages have been calculated. Maximum values for maximum temperature were recorded from May to October with a range from 29 to 30 and peaks of 29.7 Centigrade in October. The months of October through December show the most dramatic increase, specially December (see chart). Highest average maximum temperatures during these years were recorded in 1998 and 1999 (See chart). Max monthly temperatures appear to be increasing from this years on.

Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program.  Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.

Publication Date:2024-02-20
Language:English
For more information:
Visit: https://luq.lter.network/data/luqmetadata16
Visit: https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/adcbf075673e1ec4c25647082eda9584
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
1992-10-01
End:
2024-01-09

People and Organizations
Contact:Ramirez, Alonso (University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus) [  email ]
Creator:Ramirez, Alonso (University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus)
Associate:Ramirez, Alonso (University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Leon, Miguel 
Associate:Schaefer, Douglas Allen 
Associate:Bithorn, John (University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, associated researcher)
Associate:McDowell, William H. 

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
El Verde Field Station Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (Oct 1992-Dec 1999)
Description:
El Verde Field Station at Rio Grande, Puerto Rico Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (Oct 1992-Dec 1999)
Data Table Name:
El Verde Field Station Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (2000-2009)
Description:
El Verde Field Station at Rio Grande, Puerto Rico Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius from 2000 TO 2009
Data Table Name:
El Verde Field Station Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (2010-current)
Description:
El Verde Field Station at Rio Grande, Puerto Rico Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (2010-current)
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-luq/16/538562/6d57037093afe788d023c587fac45db3
Name:El Verde Field Station Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (Oct 1992-Dec 1999)
Description:El Verde Field Station at Rio Grande, Puerto Rico Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (Oct 1992-Dec 1999)
Number of Records:2648
Number of Columns:5

Time Period
Begin:
1992-10-01
End:
1999-12-31

Table Structure
Object Name:evmxOct1992-Dec1999.csv
Size:67467 byte
Authentication:4d857f867b5db6a2ee6bcf663dc946e1 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 Date of observation or monitoringYear of collectionJulian day of measurementMaximum Temperature (in F)Maximum Temperature (in C)
Column Name:DATE  
YEAR  
JULIAN  
MAXTEMP(F)  
MAXTEMP(C)  
Definition:Date in mm/dd/yyyy format when observations or monitoring were done.Year of collectionDay of measurement expressed in integers from 1 to 366. (Julian date at site if noted.)Maximum temperature recorded for that day in FahrenheitMaximum temperature recorded for that day; converted to Centigrades
Storage Type:date  
string  
string  
    
Measurement Type:dateTimenominalnominalratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
Definitiontext
Definitiontext
Unitfahrenheit
Typereal
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Missing Value Code:      
CodeBLANK
ExplMissing Value
CodeBLANK
ExplMissing Value
Accuracy Report:          
Accuracy Assessment:          
Coverage:          
Methods:          

Data Table

Data:https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-luq/16/538562/a9438cc0be6b1d2cd793ccb912fd000c
Name:El Verde Field Station Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (2000-2009)
Description:El Verde Field Station at Rio Grande, Puerto Rico Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius from 2000 TO 2009
Number of Records:3653
Number of Columns:5

Time Period
Begin:
2000-01-01
End:
2009-12-31

Table Structure
Object Name:evmx2000-2009.csv
Size:92786 byte
Authentication:a7b5f80295a5d7422ff5d72762e7f2cf Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 Date of observation or monitoringYear of collectionJulian day of measurementMaximum Temperature (in F)Maximum Temperature (in C)
Column Name:DATE  
YEAR  
JULIAN  
MAXTEMP(F)  
MAXTEMP(C)  
Definition:Date in YYYY-MM-DD format when observations or monitoring were done.Year of collectionDay of measurement expressed in integers from 1 to 366. (Julian date at site if noted.)Maximum temperature recorded for that day in FahrenheitMaximum temperature recorded for that day; converted to Centigrades
Storage Type:date  
string  
string  
    
Measurement Type:dateTimenominalnominalratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
Definitiontext
Definitiontext
Unitfahrenheit
Typereal
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Missing Value Code:      
CodeBLANK
ExplMissing Value
CodeBLANK
ExplMissing Value
Accuracy Report:          
Accuracy Assessment:          
Coverage:          
Methods:          

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-d.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-luq/16/538562/fd089db1f85695c215309eaade0057c0
Name:El Verde Field Station Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (2010-current)
Description:El Verde Field Station at Rio Grande, Puerto Rico Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (2010-current)
Number of Records:5122
Number of Columns:7

Time Period
Begin:
2010-01-01
End:
2023-06-22

Table Structure
Object Name:evmx2010-current.csv
Size:147798 byte
Authentication:75e145ce8cf5bf948e2f66748c0e856f Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 Date of observation or monitoringYear of collectionJulian day of measurementHour of day of collectionMaximum Temperature (in F)Maximum Temperature (in C)Comments
Column Name:DATE  
YEAR  
JULIAN  
HOUR  
MAXTEMP(F)  
MAXTEMP(C)  
Field Comments  
Definition:Date in mm/dd/yyyy format when observations or monitoring were done.Year of collectionDay of measurement expressed in integers from 1 to 366. (Julian date at site if noted.)Hour of day of collectionMaximum temperature recorded for that day in FahrenheitMaximum temperature recorded for that day; converted to CentigradesComments or notes taken at the fields (from 1/1/2011)
Storage Type:   string  
string  
string  
     string  
Measurement Type:rationominalnominalnominalratiorationominal
Measurement Values Domain:
UnitdateTime
Typereal
Definitiontext
Definitiontext
Definitiontext
Unitfahrenheit
Typereal
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Definitiontext
Missing Value Code:        
CodeBLANK
ExplMissing Value
CodeBLANK
ExplMissing Value
  
Accuracy Report:              
Accuracy Assessment:              
Coverage:              
Methods:              

Data Package Usage Rights

Data Policies

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
Core Areasprimary production
LTER Controlled Vocabularymeasurements, physical properties, temperature, maximum temperature

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

During first period of record the El Verde Field Station was administered by the Center for Energy and Environmental Research (CEER). Since 1988 the Station has been administered by what was known then as the Terrestrial Ecology Division (TED) of the University of Puerto Rico. In 1997 TED became the Institute of Tropical Ecosystem Studies (ITES) under the Natural Science Faculty of the University of Puerto Rico at the Rio Piedras Campus.
Background of QC procedures. Temperature data has been collected continuously at EVFS since 1975.  The early part of that record (from 1975-1992) have been filled by extrapolating from other stations or from previous data from the EVFS station.
Subsequent manipulations make the EVFS record less valuable for interpreting long term trends.  In particular, instrument problems toward the end of this early period led to changes in the thermometer and its housing (and perhaps in its location) in September 1992.  We mark this as the end of the first measurement phase and the beginning of the
	second.
	After September 1992, recorded maximum temperatures increased substantially at this station, certainly as a result of the instrumentation changes that took place in that month.  Noticing this, a correction was applied to the data collected after September 1992 to make it comparable to the data collected previously.  The exact nature of this correction is not described in the metadata or temperature logs. This correction ceased to be applied to these maximum temperature data in 1997, and as a result, the EVFS maximum temperature record (LUQ data set 16) showed an abrupt increase in maximum temperature in 1997.
	This partially corrected data set is the one we made accessible to people on our web site and through ClimDB until Feb 2014. At least one paper has reached erroneous conclusions about long term trends based on these data (Huey et al. 2009).
	We are now (since March 26, 2014) treating the January 1975-August 1992 data and the October 1992-present uncorrected data as two different data sets. The differences in instrumentation have introduced differences in the data between these two periods, and treating them as a single data set misrepresents the data.  Moreover, the extensive extrapolation of data in the earlier data set makes them suspect, and combining the two data sets pollutes the later record.

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@edirepository.org
Web Address:
https://edirepository.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual: Alonso Ramirez
Organization:University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
Address:
North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC 27695 US
Email Address:
aramirez@ramirezlab.net
Web Address:
https://twitter.com/AlonsoRamirezU
Contacts:
Individual: Alonso Ramirez
Organization:University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
Address:
North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC 27695 US
Email Address:
aramirez@ramirezlab.net
Web Address:
https://twitter.com/AlonsoRamirezU
Associated Parties:
Individual: Alonso Ramirez
Organization:University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
Address:
North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC 27695 US
Email Address:
aramirez@ramirezlab.net
Web Address:
https://twitter.com/AlonsoRamirezU
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Miguel Leon
Email Address:
miguel.leon@unh.edu
Role:Information Manager
Individual: Douglas Allen Schaefer
Address:
88 Xuefu Road,
Kunming 650223, Yunnan, P.R., CN
Email Address:
dschaefer@lternet.edu
Web Address:
http://sourcedb.xtbg.cas.cn/zw/zjrck/fyjy/200908/t20090805_2327254.html
Role:associated researcher
Individual: John Bithorn
Organization:University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
Address:
HC 02 Buzon 5125,
Luquillo, 00773 PR
Phone:
(787) 410-1437 (voice)
Email Address:
fambithorn@yahoo.com
Role:associated researcher
Individual: William H. McDowell
Address:
University of New Hampshire Department of Natural Resources James Hall,
Durham, NH 3824 US
Phone:
(603) 862-2249 (voice)
Phone:
(603) 862-4976 (facsimile)
Email Address:
wmcdowell@lternet.edu
Web Address:
http://nre.unh.edu/faculty/mcdowell
Role:associated researcher

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
1992-10-01
End:
2024-01-09
Sampling Site: 
Description:Above the flat concrete roof of El Verde Field Station (elevation: 350 m asl). The building is in an approx. 0.3 ha clearing in a forest approx. 20 m tallGoogle Map Location Description: Puerto Rico 186 El Yunque National Forest, Rio Grande, Río Grande 00745, Puerto Rico 198 m NW
Site Coordinates:
Longitude (degree): -65.8199Latitude (degree): 18.3212
Altitude (meter):350

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to Data Table: El Verde Field Station Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (Oct 1992-Dec 1999)


Time Period
Begin:
1992-10-01
End:
1999-12-31

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to Data Table: El Verde Field Station Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (2000-2009)


Time Period
Begin:
2000-01-01
End:
2009-12-31

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to Data Table: El Verde Field Station Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius (2010-current)


Time Period
Begin:
2010-01-01
End:
2023-06-22

Project

Additional Info

Additional Information:
  

ADJUSTED DATA
DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE AT EL VERDE, 1975 to 1989
	1. FROM JAN 1975 THROUGH APRIL 1978 RECORDED AX T DATA APPEARED TO BE TOO HIGH. THEY WERE SUBSTITUTED WITH LONG-TERM AVG MAX T.(*)
	2. RECORDS ARE MISSING FROM OCT AND NOV 1978. LONG-TERM AVG MAX T WERE SUBSTITUTED FOR THOSE MONTHS.
	3. RECORDS ARE TOO LOW FOR THE PERIOD OCT 1987 THROUGH AUG 1992. FROM OCT 1987 THROUGH OCT 1989 DATA WERE SUBSTITUTED WITH LONG-TERM AVG MAX T (*). RECORDS FROM NOV 1989 THROUGH AUG 1992 WERE SUBSTITUTED WITH ADUSTED EV MET STATION MEASUREMENTS.
	4. THERE ARE NO EV MET STATION DATA FOR THE MONTH OF JAN 1992. THEY WERE SUBSTITUTED WITH LONG-TERM AVG MAX T (*).
	5.  Data (1988-1992) was read as current not max. Adjustments  were done based on daily max data from other stations (Pico del Este and Fajardo) (*) Long-term avg Max T WHERE CALCULATED USING THE DATA FROM JAN 1979 to DEC 1986.
	DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE AT EL VERDE, 1990 to 1999
	1. RECORDS ARE TOO LOW FOR THE PERIOD OCT 1987 THROUGH AUG 1992. FROM OCT 1987 THROUGH OCT 1989 DATA WERE SUBSTITUTED WITH LONG-TERM AVG MAX T (*). RECORDS FROM NOV 1989 THROUGH AUG 1992 WERE SUBSTITUTED WITH ADUSTED EV MET STATION MEASUREMENTS.
	2. THERE ARE NO EV MET STATION DATA FOR THE MONTH OF JAN 1992. THEY WERE SUBSTITUTED WITH LONG-TERM AVG MAX T (*).
	3. Data (1988-1992) was read as current not max. Adjustments  were done based on daily max data from other stations (Pico del Este and Fajardo)
	4. FROM SEP 1992 THROUGH APRI 1997 RECORDED MAX T DATA APPEARED TO BE TOO HIGH. THEY WERE SUBSTITUTED WITH ADJUSTED EV MET STATION DATA.
	5. In September 19, 1992, the thermomether for reading Maximum Temperature in Fahrenheit was replaced for a new one.

	CLIMDB DATA
The data from this data set is harvested by the LTER ClimDB (http://climhy.lternet.edu/harvest.pl.) and available to the public at: http://climhy.lternet.edu/. See the location for the LUQ ClimDB El Verde site data in this website at: http://luq.lternet.edu/datamng/nis/luqclimdb.txt

GRAPHS






				
			

	 

Other Metadata

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